Arrays

Array instances are created using the new keyword. Array elements are default initialised to zero (enums and numeric types), false (bool), or null (reference types).

row = new int[42];
grid = new int[9,6];

Array instances can be initialised:

int[] row = new int[4]{ 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // longhand
int[] row = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // shorthand
row = new int[4]{ 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // okay
row = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // compile time error

Array indexes start at zero and all array accesses are bounds checked (IndexOutOfRangeException). All arrays implicitly inherit from the System.Array class. This class brings array types into the CLR and provides some handy properties and methods:

namespace System
{
public abstract class Array : .
.. {
...
public int Length { get { ... } }
public int Rank { get { ... } }
public int GetLength(int rank) { ... }
public virutal IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { ... }
...
}
}

What are Jagged Arrays in C#?

A special type of array is introduced in C#. A Jagged Array is an array of an array in which the length of each array index can differ.

Example: A Jagged Array can be used is to create a table in which the lengths of the rows are not same. This Array is declared using square brackets ( [ ] ) to indicate each dimension.

The following code demonstrates the creation of a two-dimensional jagged array.

Class Jagged
{
public static void Main()
{
int [][] jagged=new int [3][];
jagged[0]=mew int[4]
jagged[1]=mew int[3]
jagged[2]=mew int[5]
int I;
�Storing values in first array
for (I=0;I<4;I++)
jagged[0][I]=I;
�Storing values in second array

for( I=0;I<3;I++)
jagged[1][I]=I;
�Storing values in third array

for(I=0;I<5;I++)
jagged[2][I]=I;
�Displaying values from first array

for (I=0;I<4;I++)
Console.WriteLine(jagged[0][I])
�Displaying values from second array
for (I=0;I<3;I++)
Console.WriteLine(jagged[1][I])

�Displaying values from third array
for(I=0;I<5;I++)
Console.WriteLine(jagged[2][I])

}
}

The element type of an array cans itself be an array creating a so-called �ragged� array. Ragged arrays are not CLS compliant. We can use a foreach statement to iterate through a ragged array or through a rectangular array of any rank:

class ArrayIteration
{
static void Main()
{
int[] row = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
foreach (int number in row) {
...
}
int[,] grid = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
foreach (int number in grid) {
...
}
int[][] ragged =
{ new int[2]{1,2}, new int[4]{3,4,5,6} };
foreach (int[] array in ragged) {
foreach (int number in array) {
...
}
}
}
}

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