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Produire de la réponse de serveur : En-têtes de réponse de HTTP
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Une réponse du web server se compose normalement d'une ligne d'état, d'un ou plusieurs en-têtes de réponse, d'un interligne, et du document. Le réglage des en-têtes de réponse de HTTP souvent est de pair assorti à l'arrangement les codes statut dans la ligne d'état. Par exemple, plusieurs des codes statut déplacés « par document » un en-tête de accompagnement ont endroit, et les 401 que le code (non autorisé) doit inclure un accompagnement WWW-Authentifient l'en-tête.




Vue d'ensemble

La manière la plus générale d'indiquer des en-têtes est par méthode de setHeader de HttpServletResponse, qui prend deux cordes : le nom d'en-tête et la valeur d'en-tête. Comme placer les codes statut, ceci doit être fait avant que n'importe quel contenu de document soit envoyé.

Il y a également deux méthodes spécialisées pour placer les en-têtes qui contiennent des dates (setDateHeader) et des nombres entiers (setIntHeader). Le premier vous sauve ennui de traduire une date de Java en millisecondes depuis l'époque (comme retourné par System.currentTimeMillis ou la méthode de getTime appliquée à un objet de date) dans une corde de temps de GMT. La seconde vous épargne le dérangement mineur de convertir un interne en corde.

Plutôt que de placer l'en-tête pure, vous pouvez ajouter un nouvel en-tête, au cas où un en-tête avec ce nom existerait déjà. Employer l'addHeader, l'addDateHeader, et l'addIntHeader pour ceci. S'il importe vraiment à toi si un en-tête spécifique ait été déjà placé, employer le containsHeader pour vérifier.

En conclusion, HttpServletResponse fournit également un certain nombre de méthodes de convenance pour les en-têtes communs de indication.

  • La méthode de setContentType place le Contenu-Type en-tête, et est employée à la majorité de servlets.

  • La méthode de setContentLength place l'en-tête de Contenu-Longueur, utile si le navigateur soutient les raccordements (garder-vivants) persistants de HTTP.

  • La méthode d'addCookie place le biscuit (il n'y a aucun setCookie correspondant, puisqu'il est normal d'avoir les lignes multiples de Placer-Biscuit).

  • Et, comme discuté dans la section précédente, la méthode de sendRedirect place l'en-tête d'endroit aussi bien que placer le code statut à 302.




En-têtes communs de réponse et leur signification
Header Interpretation/Purpose
Allow What request methods (GET, POST, etc.) does the server support?
Content-Encoding

What method was used to encode the document? You need to decode it to get the type specified by the Content-Type header. Using gzip to compress the document can dramatically reduce download times for HTML files, but it is only supported by Netscape on Unix and IE 4 and 5 on Windows. On the other hand, gzipping HTML files can dramatically reduce download times, and Java's GZIPOutputStream makes it easy. So you should explicitly check if the browser supports this by looking at the Accept-Encoding header (i.e. via request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")). That way, you can return gzipped pages to browser that know how to unzip them, but still return regular pages to other browsers.

Content-Length

How many bytes are being sent? This information is only needed if the browser is using a persistent (keep-alive) HTTP connection. If you want your servlet to take advantage of this when the browser supports it, your servlet should write the document into a ByteArrayOutputStream, look up its size when done, put that into the Content-Length field, then send the content via byteArrayStream.writeTo(response.getOutputStream()).

Content-Type

What is the MIME type of the following document? Default for servlets is text/plain, but they usually explicitly specify text/html. Setting this header is so common that there is a special method in HttpServletResponse for it: setContentType

Date

What is current time (in GMT)? Use the setDateHeader method to specify this header. That saves you the trouble of formatting the date string properly.

Expires

At what time should content be considered out of date and thus no longer cached?

Last-Modified

When was document last changed? Client can supply a date via an If-Modified-Since request header. This is treated as a conditional GET, with document only being returned if the Last-Modified date is later than the specified date. Otherwise a 304 (Not Modified) status line is returned. Again, use the setDateHeader method to specify this header.

Location

Where should client go to get document? This is usually set indirectly, along with a 302 status code, via the sendRedirect method of HttpServletResponse.

Refresh

How soon should browser ask for an updated page (in seconds)? Instead of just reloading current page, you can specify a specific page to load via setHeader("Refresh", "5; URL=http://host/path"). Note that this is commonly set via <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="5; URL=http://host/path"> in the HEAD section of the HTML page, rather than as an explicit header from the server. This is because automatic reloading or forwarding is something often desired by HTML authors who do not have CGI or servlet access. But for servlets, setting the header directly is easier and clearer. Note that this header means "reload this page or go to the specified URL in N seconds." It does not mean "reload this page or go to the specified URL every N seconds." So you have to send a Refresh header each time, and sending a 204 (No Content) status code stops the browser from reloading further, regardless of whether you explicitly send the Refresh header or use <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" ...>. Note that this header is not officially part of HTTP 1.1, but is an extension supported by both Netscape and Internet Explorer.

Server

What server am I? Servlets don't usually set this; the Web server itself does.

Set-Cookie

Specifies cookie associated with page. Servlets should not use response.setHeader("Set-Cookie", ...), but instead use the special-purpose addCookie method of HttpServletResponse. See separate section on handling cookies.

WWW-Authenticate

What authorization type and realm should client supply in their Authorization header? This header is required in responses that have a 401 (Unauthorized) status line. E.g. response.setHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "BASIC realm=\"executives\""). Note that servlets do not usually handle this themselves, but instead let password-protected Web pages be handled by the Web server's specialized mechanisms (e.g. .htaccess).





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Keywords: Handling the Client Request:Form Data,asp net client,asp net data,vb net data,control data,data net,java client,data repeater


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