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SQL Join


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SQL Join


To create a single table the join clause combines columns of one table to that of another. Join matches up a column with one table to a column in another.

A D V E R T I S E M E N T
A join query does not alter table, but temporarily combines data from each table to be viewed as a single table.Mainly three types of join statements:-
  • Inner/Equi Join
  • Left Join
  • Right Join



Inner Join :-

An inner join returns all matching rows.For example given below

Table:-Store_Information

Store_name Sales Date
Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999
San Diego $250 Jan-07-1999
Los Angeles $300 Jan-08-1999
Boston $700 Jan-08-1999

Table:-Geography

Region_name Store_name
East Boston
East New York
West Los Angeles
West San Diego

Let us we want to find out sales by region. For geting the sales information by region, we have to combine the information from the two tables.Examining the two tables, we find that they are linked via the common field, "store_name". First present the SQL Query and then explain the use:


SELECT A1.region_name REGION, SUM(A2.Sales) SALES
FROM Geography A1, Store_Information A2
WHERE A1.store_name = A2.store_name
GROUP BY A1.region_name


Output:-

REGION SALES
East $700
West $2050

The first two lines tell SQL to select two fields, the first one is the field "region_name" from table Geography (aliased as REGION), and the second one is the sum of the field "Sales" from table Store_Information (aliased as SALES). Notice how the table aliases are used here: Geography is aliased as A1, and Store_Information is aliased as A2. Without the aliasing, the first line would become


SELECT Geography.region_name REGION, SUM(Store_Information.Sales) SALES

which is much more bulky. In essence, table aliases make the entire SQL statement easier to understand, especially when multiple tables are included.

Next, we turn our attention to line 3, the WHERE statement. This is where the condition of the join is specified. In this case, we want to make sure that the content in "store_name" in table Geography matches that in table Store_Information, and the way to do it is to set them equal. This WHERE statement is essential in making sure you get the correct output. Without the correct WHERE statement, a Cartesian Join will result. Cartesian joins will result in the query returning every possible combination of the two (or whatever the number of tables in the FROM statement) tables. In this case, a Cartesian join would result in a total of 4 x 4 = 16 rows being returned.




SQL - Left Join

A Left join returns all rows of the left of the conditional even if there is no right column to match.



SQL - Right Join

A right join will display rows on the right side of the conditional that may or may not have a match.


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Keywords sql inner join, sql join statements, sql left join, sql self join, sql join statements clause, sql update join, sql cross join, sql join tutorial

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