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XML Syntax

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Syntax of XML


If you are already know HTML then the XML syntax shouldn't be that much of a leap to grasp. While there are a some new items in XML, it is still just a markup language that relies on tags to get the job done.


A D V E R T I S E M E N T



XML Document:-

XML documents use a simple syntax and self-describing.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<company>
<to>Vyom</to>
<from>TCS</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Details of Emlpoyee</body>
</company>

The first line in the document - the XML declaration - defines the XML version and
the character encoding used in the document. In this case the document conforms
to the 1.0 specification of XML and uses the ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1/West European)
character set.
The next line describes the root element of the document (like it was saying: "this
document is a company"):

<company>

The next 4 lines describe 4 child elements of the root (to, from, heading, and body):

<to>Vyom</to>
<from>TCS</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Details of Emlpoyee</body>

And finally the last line defines the end of the root element:

<company>

Can you detect from this example that the XML document contains
a company to Vyom from TCS? Don't you agree that XML is pretty self-descriptive?



Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

it is illegal to omit the closing tag, with XML, .
In HTML some elements not contains closing tag. The following code is valid in HTML:

<p>This is a author
<p>This is another author

In XML all elements must have a closing tag, e.g.:

<p>This is a author</p>
<p>This is another author</p> 

Note: You might have noticed from the previous example that the XML declaration did not have a closing tag. This is not an error. The declaration is not a part of the XML document itself. It is not an XML element, and it should not have a closing tag.



XML Tags are Case Sensitive

XML tags are case sensitive in respect of HTML
With XML, the tag <Author> is different from the tag <author>. Opening and closing tags must therefore be written with the same case:

<Author>This is incorrect</author>

<author>This is correct</author>



Properly Nesting of XML Elements

Improper nesting of tags makes no sense to XML.
some elements can be improperly nested within each other in HTML like this:

<b><i>"Hello World" This text is bold and italic</b></i>

In XML all elements must be properly nested within each other like this:

<b><i>"hello World" This text is bold and italic</i></b>



XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

To define a root element all XML documents must contain a single tag pair.
All other elements must be within this root element. All elements can have child elements. child elements must be correctly nested within their parent element:

<root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root>



XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted

With XML, it is illegal to omit quotation marks around attribute values.
XML elements can have attributes in name/value pairs just like in HTML. In XML the attribute value must always be quoted. Study the two XML documents below. The first one is incorrect, the second is correct:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<company date=10/10/2004>
<to>Vyoms</to>
<from>TCS</from>
</company>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<company date="10/10/2004">
<to>Vyoms</to>
<from>TCS</from>
</company>

The error in the first document is that the date attribute in the note element is not quoted. This is correct: date="10/10/2004". This is incorrect: date=10/10/2004.



White Space is Preserved in XML

The white space in XML document is not truncated.
This is unlike HTML. With HTML, a sentence like this: Hello           my company name is VYOM, will be displayed like this: Hello my company name is VYOM, because HTML reduces multiple, consecutive white space characters to a single white space.



XML Comments

XML comment syntax is similar to that of HTML. <!-- This is a comment -->

Be the first one to comment on this page.




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Keywords: xml syntax,xml Case Sensitive , xml documentation, xml document, xml comments element, xml tags

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