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What is programming logic?


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What is programming logic?



Programming in Delphi or any other language would not work without logic. Logic is the glue that holds together the code, and controls how it is executed. For example, supposing we were writing a word procesor program.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
When the user presses the Enter key, we will move the cursor to a new line. The code would have a logical test for the user hitting the Enter key. If hit we do a line throw, if not, we continue on the same line.

If then elseIn the above example, we might well use the If statement to check for the Enter key.
Simple if then elseHere is an example of how the if statement works:
var
number : Integer;
text : String;
begin
number := Sqr(17);// Calculate the square of 17
if number > 400
then text := '17 squared > 400'// Action when if condition is true
else text := '17 squared <= 400';// Action when if condition is false
end;

text is set to : '17 squared <= 400'

There are a number of things to note about the if statement. First that it spans a few lines - remember that Delphi allows statements to span lines - this is why it insists on a terminating ;
Second, that the then statement does not have a terminating ; -this is because it is part of the if statement, which is finished at the end of the else clause.
Third, that we have set the value of a text string when the If condition is successful - the Then clause - and when unsuccessful - the Else clause. We could have just done a then assignment:
if number > 400
then text := '17 squared > 400';

Note that here, the then condition is not executed (because 17 squared is not > 400), but there is no else clause. This means that the if statement simply finishes without doing anything.
Note also that the then clause now has a terminating ; to signify the end of the if statement.
Compound if conditions, and multiple statementsWe can have multiple conditions for the if condition. And we can have more than one statement for the then and else clauses. Here are some examples:
if (condition1) And (condition2) // Both conditions must be satisfied
then
begin
statement1;
statement2;
...
end// Notice no terminating ';' - still part of 'if'
else
begin
statement3;
statement4;
...
end;

We used And to join the if conditions together - both must be satisfied for the then clause to execute. Otherwise, the else clause will execute. We could have used a number of different logical primitives, of which And is one, covered under logical primitives below.
Nested if statementsThere is nothing to stop you using if statements as the statement of an if statement. Nesting can be useful, and is often used like this:
if condition1
then statement1
else if condition2
then statement2
else statement3;

However, too many nested if statements can make the code confusing. The Case statement, discussed below, can be used to overcome a lot of these problems.

Logicial primitivesBefore we introduce these, it is appropriate to introduce the Boolean data type. It is an enumerated type, that can have one of only two values : True or False. We will use it in place of a condition in the if clauses below to clarify how they work:
begin
if false And false
then ShowMessage('false and false = true');

if true And false
then ShowMessage('trueand false = true');

if false And true
then ShowMessage('false and true= true');

if true And true
then ShowMessage('trueand true= true');

if false Or false
then ShowMessage('false orfalse = true');

if true Or false
then ShowMessage('trueorfalse = true');

if false Or true
then ShowMessage('false ortrue= true');

if true Or true
then ShowMessage('trueortrue= true');

if false Xor false
then ShowMessage('false xor false = true');

if true Xor false
then ShowMessage('truexor false = true');

if false Xor true
then ShowMessage('false xor true= true');

if true Xor true
then ShowMessage('truexor true= true');

if Not false
then ShowMessage('not false= true');

if Not true
then ShowMessage('not true= true');
end;

trueand true= true
false ortrue= true
trueorfalse = true
trueortrue= true
false xor true= true
truexor false = true
not false = true

Note that the Xor primitive returns true when one, but not both of the conditions are true.
Click on the primitives in blue above to learn how they can also be used for mathematical (bitwise) calculations.


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Keywords: delphi pointers,delphi programming,delphi files,delphi datatypes,delphi text,delphi graphics,delphi records,delphi text printing

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