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SNA


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In the early 1970s, IBM discovered that large customers were reluctant to trust unreliable communications networks to properly automate important transactions. In response, IBM developed Systems Network Architecture (SNA).

A D V E R T I S E M E N T

"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong," and SNA may be unique in trying to identify literally everything that could possibly go wrong in order to specify the proper response. Certain types of expected errors (such as a phone line or modem failure) are handled automatically. Other errors (software problems, configuration tables, etc.) are isolated, logged, and reported to the central technical staff for analysis and response. This SNA design worked well as long as communications equipment was formally installed by a professional staff. It became less useful in environments when any PC simply plugs in and joins the LAN. Two forms of SNA developed: Subareas (SNA Classic) managed by mainframes, and APPN (New SNA) based on networks of minicomputers.

In the original design of SNA, a network is built out of expensive, dedicated switching minicomputers managed by a central mainframe. The dedicated minicomputers run a special system called NCP. No user programs run on these machines. Each NCP manages communications on behalf of all the terminals, workstations, and PCs connected to it. In a banking network, the NCP might manage all the terminals and machines in branch offices in a particular metropolitan area. Traffic is routed between the NCP machines and eventually into the central mainframe.

The mainframe runs an IBM product called VTAM, which controls the network. Although individual messages will flow from one NCP to another over a phone line, VTAM maintains a table of all the machines and phone links in the network. It selects the routes and the alternate paths that messages can take between different NCP nodes.


SNA Network Devices

  • host systems
  • terminals
  • Output devices
  • Communications controllers
  • Cluster controllers - Allow many devices to connect through them. They connect ot a host or communications controller.

SNA Network Categories

  • Nodes
    • Type 2 - PCs, terminals and printers
    • Type 4 - Communications controllers
    • type 5 - Host computers used to manage the network
  • Data links - Connection between combinations of hosts, cluster controllers, or nodes.

Possible SNA communications architectures

  • SDLS - Synchronous Data Link Control
  • BSC - Binary Synchronous Communication sends bits in frames which are timed sequences of data.
  • Token-ring
  • X.25
  • Ethernet
  • FDDI

SNA units

NAU - Network Addressable Units

  • LU - Logical Units are ports that users use to access network resources
    • Type 1 - An interactive batch session
    • Type 2 - An IBM 3270 terminal
    • Type 3 - An IBM 3270 printer
    • Type 6.2 - A program to program session
    • Type 7 - An IBM 5250 family session
  • PU - Physical Units are a network device used to communicate with hosts.
    • Type 2 - Cluster controllers
    • Type 3 - Front end process
    • Type 5 - Host communications software

SNA software components

  • SSCP - Systems Services Control Point manages all resources in the host's domain.
  • NCP - Network Control Program performs routing, session management tasks. It runs in the communications controller.


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