There is always a single root node in a XPath tree that serves as the root and that appears as the first node in the tree.Under the root node every element in a document has a corresponding element node that appears in the tree.

• Root node
• Element nodes
• Text nodes
• Attribute nodes
• Namespace nodes
• Processing instruction nodes
• Comment nodes

Each element has one parent.

In above example; the book element is the parent of the title, author, year, and price:

Element nodes may have zero, one or more children.

In above example; the title, author, year, and price elements are all children of the book element:

Nodes having same parent.

In above example; the title, author, year, and price elements are all siblings:

A node's parent, parent's parent, etc.

In above example; the ancestors of the title element are the book element and the bookstore element:

A node's children, children's children, etc.

In above example; descendants of the bookstore element are the book, title, author, year, and price elements: