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JavaScript Cookies
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Cookies are small amounts of data or information stored by the web browser. They allow us to store particular information about a user and retrieve it every time they visit our pages. Each user has their own unique set of cookies.



How we define Cookies.

A cookie is a way where we can store some information or data about a user visiting our site. The information or small data is stored on the individuals computer, and thus we do not need any extra server space to customize a page for any amount of users we may have. To use Cookies there are two things you might to do, one is set the cookie, and the other is retrieve a cookie.

Cookies are typically used by web servers to perform functions such as tracking your visits to websites, enabling you to log in to sites, and storing your shopping cart. However we do not need fancy web server programming to use cookies.



Why Cookies are necessary?

Cookies are necessary because the HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol) that is used to transfer webpages around the web is state-less. This means that the web servers cannot remember the information about users throughout their travels, and so everyone becomes anonymous. If you ever return to a site you have visited previously, you are treated as if it was your first visit.

In Java Script Cookies have some properties.

 Property  Description  Example
 name=value  This sets both the cookie's name and its value.  username=vyom
 expires=date  This optional value sets the date that the cookie will expire on. The date should be in the format returned by the toGMTString() method of the Date object. If the expires value is not given, the cookie will be destroyed the moment the browser is closed.  expires=3/11/2006 01:01:00
 path=path  This optional value specifies a path within the site to which the cookie applies. Only documents in this path will be able to retrieve the cookie. Usually this is left blank, meaning that only the path that set the cookie can retrieve it.  path=/VyomTutorials/
 domain=domain  This optional value specifies a domain within which the cookie applies. Only websites in this domain will be able to retrieve the cookie. Usually this is left blank, meaning that only the domain that set the cookie can retrieve it.  domain=vyom.com
 secure  This optional flag indicates that the browser should use SSL when sending the cookie to the server. This flag is rarely used.  secure



Set The Cookies:Java Scipt code to set the cookies.

<script type="text/javascript">

function setCookie(name, value, days)
{
var dc = document.cookie;
if (!days) days = 1;    // default to 1 day if empty

var expdate = new Date();
expdate.setTime(expdate.getTime() + days*24*60*60*1000);

dc = name + "=" + escape(value) +
"; expires=" + expdate.toGMTString();
}
</script>



Cookie Functions

Sets a Cookie with the given name and value.

<script type="text/javascript">

function setCookie(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure)
{
document.cookie= name + "=" + escape(value) +
((expires) ? "; expires=" + expires.toGMTString() : "") +
((path) ? "; path=" + path : "") +
((domain) ? "; domain=" + domain : "") +
((secure) ? "; secure" : "");
}
</script>


name Name of the cookie
value Value of the cookie
[expires] Expiration date of the cookie (default: end of current session)
[path] Path where the cookie is valid (default: path of calling document)
[domain] Domain where the cookie is valid
(default: domain of calling document)
[secure] Boolean value indicating if the cookie transmission requires a
secure transmission


Gets the value of the specified cookie.

<script type="text/javascript">

function getCookie(name)
{
var dc = document.cookie;
var prefix = name + "=";
var begin = dc.indexOf("; " + prefix);
if (begin == -1)
{
begin = dc.indexOf(prefix);
if (begin != 0) return null;
}
else
{
begin += 2;
}
var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", begin);
if (end == -1)
{
end = dc.length;
}
return unescape(dc.substring(begin + prefix.length, end));
}

</script>


name Name of the desired cookie.
Returns a string containing value of specified cookie,
or null if cookie does not exist.

Deletes the specified cookie.

<script type="text/javascript">

function deleteCookie(name, path, domain)
{
if (getCookie(name))
{
document.cookie = name + "=" +
((path) ? "; path=" + path : "") +
((domain) ? "; domain=" + domain : "") +
"; expires=Thu, 03-nov-06 02:00:00 GMT";
}
}

</script>


name name of the cookie
[path] path of the cookie (must be same as path used to create cookie)
[domain] domain of the cookie (must be same as domain used to create cookie)



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Keywords: cookie values, javascript cookies user, cookie expires, cookie name


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