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The Life Cycle of an Entity Bean


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The Life Cycle of an Entity Bean


The following figure shows the life cycle of an entity bean. An entity bean has the following three states:

A D V E R T I S E M E N T
  • Does Not Exist. In this state, the bean instance simply does not exist.
  • Pooled. When WebLogic server is first started, several bean instances are created and placed in the pool. A bean instance in the pooled state is not tied to particular data, that is, it does not correspond to a record in a database table. Additional bean instances can be added to the pool as needed, and a maximum number of instances can be set
  • Ready. A bean instance in the ready state is tied to particular data, that is, it represents an instance of an actual business object.
The various state transitions as well as the methods available during the various states are discussed below.


Moving from the Does Not Exist to the Pooled State


When WebLogic server creates a bean instance in the pool, it calls the callback method public void setEntityContext(EntityContext ctx). This method has the parameter javax.ejb.EntityContext, which contains a reference to the entity context, that is, the interface to the EJB container. The entity context contains a number of methods to self-reference the entity bean object, identify the caller of a method, and so forth. Complete details about the javax.ejb.EntityContext can be found in your favorite J2EE documentation and the API reference at http://java.sun.com.

If you want to use the EntityContext reference in the entity bean, you must implement this callback method and store the reference. In addition, this method is also frequently used to look up the home interface of other beans later invoked in one of the bean's methods. The following code sample shows both:

/**
 * @ejbgen:ejb-local-ref link="Recording" 
 * 
 * ...
 */
abstract public class BandBean extends GenericEntityBean implements EntityBean
{
  private EntityContext ctx;
  private RecordingHome recordingHome;


  public void setEntityContext(EntityContext c) {
      // store the reference to the EntityContext
      ctx = c;
		// look up the home interface of the RecordingBean
      try {
         javax.naming.Context ic = new InitialContext();
         recordingHome = (RecordingHome)ic.lookup("java:/comp/env/ejb/Recording"); 
      }
      catch(Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Unable to obtain RecordingHome: " + e.getMessage());
      }
  } 

  ...

The Pooled State


When a bean instance is in the pooled state, it is not tied to any particular business object. When in the pooled state, the methods defined in the home interface can be invoked, effectively transitioning it from the pooled to the ready state, with the exception of ejbHome methods. When a home method is invoked, a result that is not bean instance specific is returned to the caller, and the bean instance remains in the pooled state. Home methods in turn often invoke ejbSelect methods to query bean instances.


Moving from the Pooled to the Ready State


The following methods move a bean instance from the pooled to the ready state to represent a business object:

  • ejbCreate and ejbPostCreate. When the create method is invoked on the bean's home interface, the ejbCreate and ejbPostCreate methods are invoked. The bean instance moves to the ready state and represents this newly created business object. After creation, a (local or remote) reference to this object is returned to the caller, enabling the caller to invoke business methods on this instance. The ejbPostCreate method is used to set references to other entity beans as part of the creation of a new bean instance.
  • findByPrimaryKey. When this method is invoked on the bean's home interface with the (compound) primary key as the parameter, the bean instance moves to the ready state and represents the business object uniquely identified by the parameter. Also a (local or remote) reference to this object is returned to the caller, enabling the caller to invoke business methods on this instance.
  • Finder methods. When a Finder method is invoked on the bean's home interface, one or a set of references to objects matching the queries are returned to the caller. In many cases the corresponding bean instance(s) are not loaded with data and move to the ready state until at a later point when a business method is actually invoked on this object, a concept known as lazy loading. However, you can specify eager loading, that is, tell the EJB container to load (part of) the data and move the entity bean instance(s) to the ready state as a part of the finder method execution.

The Ready State


When a bean instance is in the ready state, it represent data for a business object. At this point any business method, that is any component method and accessor method, can be invoked on this object. (A component method may in turn call an ejbSelect method.) After a business method executes, the bean returns to the ready state to allow another business method invocation.

From the perspective of the EJB container, the execution of a component method is sandwiched between two synchronization steps:

  1. Before a business method is executed, the EJB container updates the fields of the bean instance with the latest data from the database table to ensure that the bean instance has the latest data. Just after the data is updated, the EJB container invokes the callback method ejbLoad. If your entity bean needs to execute some custom logic as part of this synchronization step, you can use implement it using this callback method.
  2. The business method executes and completes.
  3. The EJB container now updates the database table to ensure that it contains the latest data from the entity bean instance. In other words, if the business method changes data values, this synchronization step ensures these changes are stored. Just prior to updating the database table, the EJB container invokes the callback method ejbStore. If your entity bean needs to execute some custom logic as part of this synchronization step, you can implement it using this callback method.

Because a record in a database table can be accessed by multiple bean instances at the same time, these synchronization steps ensure that each bean instance always has the latest data. However, in some cases these synchronization steps might be overkill and unnecessarily slow down performance. For instance, an entity bean might be read-only, reading data that is changed rarely if at all. In these cases one can safely bypass the synchronization steps without risking violations to data integrity.


Moving from the Ready to the Pooled State


When a caller invokes a remove method to delete an entity bean instance and its underlying record in the database table, the EJB container will delete the bean instance. Just prior to deleting the instance, it will call the callback method ejbRemove. If your entity bean needs to execute some custom logic prior to deletion, you can implement it using this callback method. After the data is deleted, the bean instance returns to the pooled state. The bean instance is no longer tied to any particular business object, and can be used to execute a home method or one of the methods that will tie it to a new set of data and move it to the ready state.


Activation and Passivation


To more optimally manage resources, the EJB container might passivate a bean instance by moving it from the ready state to the pooled state. During passivation the entity bean instance is dissociated from the business object it represents, and become available to represent another set of data. Conversely, a passivated bean might be activated, meaning that it moves from the pooled to ready state to represent a business object.

It should be noted that the caller (a client application or another EJB) of the entity bean instance will be unaware of passivation having taken place. The caller's reference to the entity bean instance is still maintained and valid; that is, if the caller subsequently invokes a business method on this entity bean instance, an instance from the pooled state will be moved to the ready state to represent this business object.

A bean instance can be passivated when none of its business method are invoked. Passivation occurs after synchronization has completed, guaranteeing that the database has stored any changes to the business object. Just prior to actual passivation, the callback method ejbPassivate is invoked. If your entity bean needs to execute some custom logic prior to passivation, you can implement it using this callback method.

When a previously passivated bean instance is activated to service business method invocation, the callback method ejbActivate is invoked. If your entity bean needs to execute some custom logic prior to activation, you can implement it using this callback method. For instance, you might use this callback method to reinitialize values of nonpersistent fields, that is, fields not stored in the database. After the callback method executes and completes, the synchronization - business method invocation - synchronization procedure described above follows as during any other business method invocation; that is, first synchronization happens during which the latest bean instance is updated with the latest data of the database, followed by the invocation of the ejbLoad callback method. After this completes the business method is invoked, and when this completes, the second synchronization happens during which the ejbStore callback method is invoked and the latest bean instance data is stored to the database.


Moving from the Pooled to the Does Not Exist State


To more optimally manage resources, or when WebLogic server shuts down, the EJB container might remove a bean instance from the pooled state to the does not exist state, allowing it to be garbage collected. Just prior to its destruction, the callback method unsetEntityContext is invoked. If your entity bean needs to execute some cleanup prior to garbage collection, you can implement it using this callback method.

 




Bean-Managed Persistence


When you use container-managed persistence (CMP) for entity beans, the EJB container handles the interaction with the underlying database. The EJB container ensures synchronization of data just prior and just after a business method executes , it deletes the underlying database record when the entity bean instance is deleted, for an ejbCreate method it inserts the data in the database, it automatically generates the findByPrimaryKey method and handles the database query to find a database record, and it interprets EJB QL and WebLogic QL queries on finder and select methods to generate the corresponding database queries. In most cases entity bean development is done using CMP.

In contrast, when you use bean-managed persistence (BMP) for entity beans, the EJB container will still provide a numbers of services (such as transaction management) but leaves the persistence management up to the bean class. Bean-managed persistence might be necessary when your bean represents an unusual set of data and/or interacts with a legacy system for data storage. The current topic introduces some of the main difference between CMP and BMP, and some of the main differences developing CMP entity beans in WebLogic. For detailed information on CMP bean development, see your favorite J2EE documentation.


Main Differences Between CMP and BMP


Compared to CMP, when you develop BMP entity beans you must take into account the following:

  • You are responsible for synchronizing the entity bean instance and the underlying database record before and after a business method invocation. To do so you must implement the callback methods ejbLoad and ejbStore. (The EJB container invokes the various callback methods for CMP and BMP entity beans alike.)
  • The ejbCreate method(s) must take care of storing the new data in the database.
  • The findByPrimaryKey method must be explicitly defined and must take care of locating the data corresponding to the (compound) primary key in the database.
  • Removing the data from the database when a bean instance is removed must be handled by the bean class. To do so you must implement the ejbRemove callback method.
  • Query methods cannot be implemented using EJB QL or WebLogic QL. Instead the finder or select method(s) must define the database queries.

BMP Implementation


When you define a CMP entity bean in WebLogic, you should take into account the following:

  • To create a new BMP entity bean file, the first step is creating it as you would a CMP entity bean. When the file is created and opened, go to source view and add persistence-type="bmp" to the @ejbgen:entity tag. When you close and re-open the file, you will notice that design view is no longer available and, correspondingly, that the various wizards to for instance add an entity relation or a create method are no longer available.
  • You need to add an @ejbgen:resource-ref tag to the datasource (the database). Because the EJB container doesn't handle persistence, you should remove the attributes data-source-name and table-name from the @ejbgen:entity tag.
  • The database table for the BMP entity bean is not created for you by WebLogic. You must define the table in the database.
  • You must define the property fields and accessor methods.
  • You must define the findByPrimaryKey method and the various callback methods as mentioned in the previous section.
  • WebLogic will still generate the various interfaces for you. To that effect, you also still use the appropriate @ejbgen tags to ensure that a particular method is added to the appropriate interface. The findByPrimaryKey method will automatically be added to the defined home interface(s).


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Keywords: The Life Cycle of an Entity Bean, WEBLOGIC, WebLogic, WebLogic tutorials, WebLogic tutorial pdf, history of WebLogic, How To Deploy An Application Using WebLogic , learn WebLogic

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